Thursday, May 1, 2014

Ambulance-Based Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke


Ebinger et al report in JAMA the result a specialized ambulance has in the initiation of treatment in patients with acute ischemic strokes.
Their study was conducted in Berlin, Germany over a 21 months period between 2011 and 2013 when a Stroke Emergency Mobile (STEMO) unit was dispatched every other week to care of patients with strokes. The STEMO was an ambulance equipped with a CT scanner, point-of-care laboratory, with telemedicine connection, a physician, a paramedic and an x-ray technician. Thrombolysis was started before transport to hospital if ischemic stroke was confirmed and contraindications excluded.  During the study period 6182 adult patients were included.
There was a reduction of 25-minutes in alarm-to-treatment times for STEMO compared to control weeks.  The 25-minute reduction was due to faster alarm-to-imaging and imaging-to-treatment intervals. Fifty eight percent of patients were treated within 90 minutes of onset versus 37% in the control.  The intervention also resulted in 33% patients treated with tPA versus 21% in the control.  STEMO deployment incurred no increased risk for intra-cerebral hemorrhage (7/200 vs 22/323); or 7-day mortality (9/199 versus 15/323).
A prior study by Walter et al1 who also used a mobile stroke unit and treated patients with acute ischemic stroke with tPA safely within 70 to 80 minutes.

The authors conclude the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis resulted in decreased time to treatment without an increase in adverse events

1.  Walter S, Kostopoulos P,  Haass A et al. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with stroke in a mobile unit versus hospital: a randomized study controlled trial Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(5):397-404

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