AI Matches Radiologists in Diagnosing Lung Cancer.

 A study published in Radiology found that deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm diagnosed lung cancer from chest radiographs at a rate similar to radiologists.  The researchers tested it on 10,285 radiographs form 10,202 individuals with 10 radiographs with visible cancer.  The algorithm showed comparable sensitivity 90% to 60% for the radiologists.  In a screening cohort of 100,525 chest x-rays from 50,070 individuals with 47 radiographs with lung cancer, the algorithm's sensitivity was 83% and false positive rate was 3%.  The investigators suggested the algorithm could prove useful especially for clinicians treating healthy persons with lower prevalence of lung cancer.

AI can diagnose Myocardial Infarction on non-enhanced MRI

A retrospective study of 212 patients published in Radiology used deep learning (AI) to identify and delineate chronic myocardial infarction without late gadolinium enhancement.

The model extracted motion features from the left ventricle on non-enhanced cardiac cine MRI and its per-segment sensitivity and specificity was 90% and 99 percent, therefore deep learning on non-enhanced cine cardiac MRI data can detect the presence and extent of chronic myocardial infarction. 

This approach has the potential to reduce the use of gadolinium contrast administration in patients with renal impairment, which is common in patients with coronary artery disease.